This was converted from a calculator on the BADS' website

The original was produced by Mark Skues from Chester in 2007.

Things have moved on with TIVA being used regularly, and the cost (and side-effect profile) of Ondansetron pushing it up the pecking order.

Similar to Apfel (1999) it is based on volatile anaesthesia. Apfel has subsequently written that volatile anaesthesia is the most important factor for in anaesthestic technique for PONV (twofold increase - dose dependent).

He has also written (2012), unlike other authors, there is conflicting evidence for operation type. The operations listed here are not exhaustive, and do not include some major players (e.g. thyroidectomy) that in studies have been shown to increase PONV substantially.